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Parsons Brinckerhoff is a multinational engineering and design firm with approximately 14,000 employees. The firm operates in the fields of strategic consulting, planning, engineering, construction management, and infrastructure/community planning. In 2013, the company was named the tenth largest U.S.-based engineering/design firm by ''Engineering News Record''.〔"(The Top 500 Design Firms ),"Parsons Brinckerhoff, 2013〕 On October 31, 2014 Parsons Brinckerhoff became a wholly owned independent subsidiary of WSP Global〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Press release WSP Global )〕 a Canadian-based professional services firm, together WSP/Parsons Brinckerhoff are one of the largest professional services firms in the world with approximately 31,500 employees in 500 offices serving 39 countries.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=News WSP Global )〕 ==History== Founded in 1885 in New York City by William Barclay Parsons, among Parsons Brinckerhoff’s earliest projects was the original IRT line of the New York City Subway, designed by Parsons Brinckerhoff and opened in 1904.〔Clifton Hood, 722 Miles: The Building of the Subways and How They Transformed New York (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993).〕 Parsons Brinckerhoff also designed the Cape Cod Canal, which opened in 1914 〔William James Reid, The Building of the Cape Cod Canal (New York: George McKibbin and Son, Inc., 1961).〕 and charted the course of a railway in China from Hankow (Wuhan) to Canton (Guangzhou), a line that is also still in use today.〔"'L' Engines on Chinese Road," New-York Tribune, January 15, 1905〕 In 1906, Henry M. Brinckerhoff, a highway engineer, brought his expertise in electric railways to the firm. He is known for his co-invention of the third rail.〔Lisa Moses, "Henry M. Brinckerhoff," APWA Reporter, August 1981.〕 The firm has worked on some of the most notable infrastructure projects of the 20th century, including: the Detroit–Windsor Tunnel (1930);〔S.A. Thoresen, "Constructing the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel," Civil Engineering, April 1931.〕 the Scheldt Tunnel in Antwerp, Belgium (1933);〔S.A. Thoresen, "Shield-Driven Tunnels Near Completion Under the Schelde at Antwerp," Engineering News-Record, June 29, 1933〕 The Buzzards Bay Railroad Bridge on Cape Cod, Massachusetts (1935);〔Lift Span Over Cape Cod Canal Sets New Precedents," Engineering News-Record, January 30, 1936〕 The 1939 World's Fair in New York City;〔John P. Hogan, "Construction Organization and Technique," Engineering News-Record, September 22, 1938〕 the Garden State Parkway in New Jersey (1957);〔New Jersey eases some traffic jams with long parkway," Engineering News-Record, September 16, 1954〕 the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel in Virginia (1957);〔Thomas R. Kuesel, "A tale of three tunnels," Civil Engineering, December 1974.〕 the Pell Bridge in Newport, Rhode Island (1969);〔Alfred Hedefine and Louis G. Silano, "Newport Bridge foundations," Civil Engineering, October 1968.〕 the I-95/Fort McHenry Tunnel (1980);〔Corrinne S Bernstein, "Tunneling Around Ft. McHenry," Civil Engineering, July 1986.〕 the H-3 Highway in Oahu, Hawaii (1997);〔Ray Bert, "Paradise Crossed," Civil Engineering, July 1998〕 the Sabiya Power Station in Kuwait (2000)〔"Combined Heat & Power in Saudi Arabia," Worldwide Independent Power, September 1, 2010.〕 and the rapid transit systems of San Francisco (1972);〔Thomas R. Kuesel, "Bart subway construction: planning and costs," Civil Engineering, March 1969.〕 Atlanta (1979);〔"First line of Atlanta's new transit system opens," Civil Engineering, July 1979.〕 Singapore (1987);〔Rajam Krishnan and K.S. Chan, "Singapore on the Move," Civil Engineering, November 2003〕 Taipei (1996);〔Scott Danielson, "Enter the Dragon," Civil Engineering, November 1994〕 and Caracas (1983).〔Venezuela Accelerates $1.5 Billion Caracas Metro Project," The New York Times, March 12, 1977〕 Parsons Brinckerhoff was acquired by Balfour Beatty in October 2009 and operated as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Balfour Beatty plc. In October 2010 Balfour Beatty acquired Halsall Associates, which became a subsidiary of Parsons Brinckerhoff and part of its Canadian operations.〔http://www.balfourbeatty.com/index.asp?pageid=42&newsid=273〕 On October 31, 2014 Balfour Beatty sold Parsons Brinckerhoff to WSP Global. Currently, the firm is involved in several major expansions of the public transportation system in the New York metropolitan area, including the new 7 Subway Extension, Second Avenue Subway, and Long Island Rail Road's East Side Access to Grand Central Terminal,〔Aileen Cho, "Cavernous Crusades," Engineering News-Record, February 7, 2011〕 Other current and recent projects include: the Taiwan High Speed Rail Project;〔C. Michael Gillam, and Bradford F. Townsend, "Orient Express," Civil Engineering, April 2009〕 the Bosphorus rail tunnel in Istanbul;〔Daniel Horgan and Christian Ingerslev, "Crossing Continents and Centuries," Civil Engineering, April 2009〕 The Woodrow Wilson Bridge in Washington, D.C.;〔"Woodrow Wilson Bridge Project Is Names 2008 OCEA Winner," ASCE News, May 2008〕 an extension of the East London Line of the London Overground;〔"East London Rail Extension, Upgrade Completed Early," Civil Engineering December 2010〕 and the Medupi Power Station in South Africa.〔Debra K. Rubin and Peter Reina, "Making 1+1=3," Engineering News-Record, August 30, 2010〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Parsons Brinckerhoff」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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